The Global Human Body Models Consortium (GHBMC) was created in April 2006 as an international consortium of automakers and suppliers (members include General Motors, Honda R&D, Hyundai, Nissan, Renault and Stellantis; NHTSA is sponsor; Autoliv, Ford and Faurecia participate). It consolidates worldwide research and development in human body modeling into a single effort to advance crash safety technology, developing and maintaining high-fidelity finite element human body models for automotive crash simulation, with development carried out with university Centers of Expertise worldwide. Models are licensed through Elemance LLC, with free academic licenses for qualified institutions.